Why Do I Need Emergency Funds and How Do I Use Them?

Harold Wilson, former British Prime Minister joked,long time horizon. That works out to $5,833 per
"I am an optimist, but I'm an optimist who carriesmonth, before compounding.
a raincoat."In normal times, you would withdraw $4,000 a
You probably already have some cash storedmonth from your portfolio, leaving the remaining
away for the inevitable rainy day. Indeed, you$1,833 per month in earnings in the portfolio. The
should have savings for those one-time,reinvested dollars create the growth you need to
non-recurring expenses that come up-a waterkeep up with inflation.
heater replacement, a roof repair, the autoNow imagine that the economy and the stock
insurance deductible-but this savings should actuallymarket take a tumble. Your investment returns,
be separate from your emergency funds.for some period of time, drop to $2,000 per
It is critical, especially when preparing formonth. What do you do? You do not sell off the
retirement, to have an additional pot of funds forassets at a loss. This is called eating your principal
the financial storms that could potentially wreakand it results in a very bad situation for retirees
havoc on your lifestyle.called reverse compounding.
Your emergency fund is a key component to theInstead, you pull the $2,000 in earnings from your
strong foundation of your financial plan. Having thisinvestment portfolio. You make up the difference,
money prevents you from otherwise racking upbetween the $4,000 per month you need and the
credit card debt, tapping into your retirement$2,000 a month the portfolio is currently
accounts, or selling off assets to pay your bills.producing, using your emergency funds. That is
You should have twelve months of livingwhat you have set them aside for. Being savvy
expenses set aside in a safe, liquid savingsand thoughtful about your money, you know that
account. Remember, the purpose of this money isthis sort of variance will, at times, occur.
not to earn money but to be there for you in aAfter some period of time, the market begins to
true emergency. Don't take risk or give awayimprove somewhat and your portfolio returns
liquidity for a little bit of profit. A savings accountincrease to $3,000 per month. Now you are
is your best bet, just remember to stay undersupplementing your portfolio returns with only
the FDIC insurance limits at each bank.$1,000 per month from your emergency funds.
It is important to calculate how much you willEventually, because we do assume stock markets
need in your emergency fund using your actualare mean reverting - meaning that they cannot
monthly expenses, not your monthly income.exist indefinitely in a state of extreme- your
Different people earning the exact same salaryportfolio returns come back in line with the
may have vastly different monthly obligations.expected rate of return for the portfolio. At that
For example, if you have no debt, no dependents,time, you are no longer supplementing your
and live pretty frugally, you can probably allocateportfolio returns with your emergency funds.
less toward this "bucket" and invest more of yourThe nature of mean reversion is that the
money. On the other hand, if you have threependulum swings both ways. So, just as we had a
children to support, along with a sizeable mortgageperiod of underperformance, we expect there will
and credit card bills to cover, your emergencyalso be periods when the portfolio over-performs.
fund would be a bit more padded.What do you do during these periods of boom?
You can use the free, online financial planning tool,Do you spend the extra money on new cars and
My Financial Plan, available from Snider Advisors,fancy vacations? No. You use those periods of
to help you determine the right number.time to replace what you took from your
An emergency fund should only be used in theemergency funds so that when the next
event of paycheck disruption or variances ineconomic downturn occurs, you have sufficient
portfolio income. When you are employed, thisreserves to smooth your portfolio income.
means that you should not draw your emergencyThis system of managing portfolio variability in
funds unless you have suffered a job loss, anretirement is very easy and very effective.
illness or disability that prevents you fromLikewise, you can more easily weather a
working, the death of a spouse, leave of absencetemporary disruption in your salary during your
to care for an aging or sick family member, orworking years with emergency funds as a buffer.
any other circumstance that gravely affects yourPlanning, in almost any endeavor, is the key to
income.success. It's great that you have your raincoat
Once you retire and begin living off yourand umbrella for the rainy day, but in the event
investments, the natural fluctuations in theof a flood, your emergency savings will be your
economy and financial markets will createark.
variations in your retirement income. YourThis is not financial, legal or tax advice. Our goal is
emergency fund will make those fluctuationsyour financial success, but all investments involve
manageable. Cash is your most effective tool forrisk including the possible loss of principal and
smoothing out the effect of market volatility onresults will vary. If you are interested in the
your retirement income.Snider Investment Method, please read the
Let's say you need $4,000 a month from yourOwner's Manual for a complete discussion of risks
portfolio to cover your living expenses inand benefits. More information can be found on
retirement. You have a $1 million portfolio thatour website or by calling 1-888-6SNIDER. Past
produces an average annual return of 7% over aperformance is not indicative of future results.