Technology and Coping With Disaster

Natural disasters come in many shapes. From thefrequent disaster response exercises among
incomprehensible carnage of last weekend'smember nations to ensure coordination lines and
tsunami in the Indian Ocean, to hurricanes andpre-planned responses are quickly executed. All
typhoons, to tornadoes and drought, our worldMPAT member nations have access to central
deals with the horror of disaster as a normal partdatabases of planning information, available
of our lives. Throw in a bit of human influenceresources, and a "command center" mobilized
through wars, terrorism, or the threat ofwhen a regional disaster occurs.
weapons of mass destruction, and our need toTelecommunications and information technology
deal with and overcome calamity almost becomesare key components in our ability to respond to
routine.disaster. As real time information is collected, it is
Watching CNN and the news channels gives aavailable immediately to all participants in the relief
near real-time view of disasters. While some mayeffort. Other technology - in particular military
find this a bit macabre, it also shows our ability totechnology, can easily serve a duel use purpose in
quickly respond to major events, on a global scale.a disaster. The same troop transports designed
The same technologies that allow us to view theto carry soldiers to war can carry refugees from
aftermath of a tsunami also allow us to quicklya disaster. The same photo reconnaissance
gather factual data on the extent of a disaster,aircraft used to spy on enemies can provide a
and use that for disaster planning and response.clear view of the extent of damage. The same
Organizations such as the Pacific Disaster Center,technology used to collect electronic intelligence
and the Asia Pacific Area Network try to assistcan locate attempts to use mobile phones, radios,
regional nations to build better disaster planningand even audio signals of people stranded in
models and response model through training andremote areas. Infrared scanning used to identify
timely dissemination of critical information. Regionalenemy soldiers in a bunker or building can just as
military organizations participate with each othereasily locate a family stranded in a jungle.
on joint disaster planning (for other thanIf you compare the current response to the
wartime-related disaster) to organize theirIndian Ocean tsunami to the effects of tsunami
resources in response to a regional disaster, anddamage following eruption of the Krakatoa
can respond within hours to major problems.volcano in 1883, you can see the extent of
While carnage on the scale of the Indian Oceandamage from that disaster was not even known
tsunami cannot be controlled within a day or afor several decades.
few days, the communications and real timeIn most cases disaster cannot be predicted. We
information collection on the disaster will mostare making progress predicting earthquakes,
certainly reduce the level of misery experiencedhurricanes, and eruptions - however science is no
by victims at a level that would not have beencloser to effective disaster prediction than we are
possible even 40 years ago. As aircraft andin fully understanding the human genome. Through
on-site persons (using satellite phones or othereffective use of communications, information
powerful mobile communicators) collecttechnology, and duel use military/civilian technology
information on areas of Sumatra, Thailand, andtransfer, we are getting much closer to reducing
other affected areas, the information is almostthe level of pain following an event.
immediately being logged, evaluated, distributed,2005 will be a big year in further exploiting the
and prioritized among a number of emergencypotential of Internet and communications-related
response centers operated by regionaltechnology. Given the positive moves toward
governments - as well as international reliefregional cooperation in activities such as MPAT,
agencies.we should be encouraged our governments
From the regional and international responseunderstand the need and role of technology in
centers coordination further occurs amongplanning - was well as responding - to regional
members of organizations such as the Multinationaldisaster.
Planning Augmentation Team. MPAT holds