Successful Disaster Recovery: It's All in the Planning

In the information age, productivity miracles havefor backing up data and your entire network --
become almost commonplace. But living digitally,and then make sure to follow through and do the
also entails risk - the kind of risk that can bring abackups faithfully, according to that schedule. This
business to the precipice:is the basis for all disaster recovery plans - even
According to the National Archives and Recordsif it's just one person using the Windows backup
Administration, 93 percent of companies that lostsoftware, copying data to a DVD or CD and
their data centers for 10 days or more due to ataking that media home or to another location. It's
disaster, filed for bankruptcy within a year of thebasic, it has zero cost implications and it works.
disaster. Fifty percent of businesses filed forThe next key step is to make sure backups are
bankruptcy immediately.in fact usable. According to a recent study by
When calculating hard and soft costs, the averageStorage Magazine, only half of all businesses ever
company spends between $100,000 andtest their tape backups and of those that do, 77
$1,000,000 per year for desktop-orientedpercent find they are unable to fully recover data
disasters - so reports the 7th Annual ICSA Lab'sfrom those tapes.
Virus Prevalence Survey.Retail virus detection software solutions provide
- A new Veritas Software/Dynamic Marketsanother critical layer of protection, as long as
survey found that, three years after 9/11, 43they're kept up-to-date. In addition, install an email
percent of organizations worldwide are still notfiltering program and keep Windows updates
ready to respond to a major disaster. The report,current.
which surveyed 1,259 IT professionals around theDon't store everything - email, accounting
world, found that only 38 percent claimed to havesoftware, customer database, etc. -- on one
comprehensive, integrated disaster recovery andserver. Distribute key data and applications on to
business continuity plans in place -- even thoughmore than one machine, so all is not lost if a
92 percent acknowledged that serioussystem crashes.
consequences would result if they were facedOnce all these pieces are in place, establish some
with a major disruption to their IT infrastructure.company-wide guidelines to help prevent a
- Big business is grimly aware that disastervirus-related disaster. These might include shutting
recovery isn't the priority it should be. In adown computers every night, a schedule of
SunGard/Harris survey of Fortune 1000regular updates and patches, periodic password
companies, those responding gave themselveschanges, rules about opening email attachments,
just a B when grading their company's ability toguidelines on how to protect data while working in
access business-critical data after a disaster.public places (like airplanes or Starbuck's), and tips
For small and mid-size businesses, a disasteron how to ensure the physical security of laptop
recovery plan is not just a good idea, it's acomputers and actual office buildings.
necessity. But whatever a company's size, thePlan, Plan, Plan
threat of disaster is real, with new virus andAny business that has data to lose should have a
worm attacks launched regularly, threatening datadisaster recovery plan in place. It doesn't require
and network security at every turn - and thean IT expert - in fact, there's software available
pressure to protect information and businessthat helps companies format their own plans.
systems is not only economic but now comesSome key elements of a good plan include:
with the full force of the law. Legislation such asAssignments - Employees need clear-cut roles
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountabilityonce a disaster happens, and these need to be
Act (HIPAA), along with Sarbanes-Oxleydetermined before disaster strikes. For example,
compliance and stringent SEC and IRS regulations,someone should be in charge of communications
require many industry segments to provide(working with the phone company or email host
information, safeguards in case of disaster.to re-establish connection, if necessary), another
For an organization whose very existenceperson can oversee data recovery, someone else
depends upon its Web-based applications, disastercan make sure the company Website is
can strike in any number of ways: viruses,accessible, etc.
worms, network failure, hardware crash, powerA communication plan - Provide a list of key cell
outage, fire, natural disaster or cyber terroristphone numbers to employees to keep handy in
denial-of-service attack. But despite the growingcase you lose phones and email. Have someone
threats, small and mid-size companies aredesignated to call important contacts - clients,
especially vulnerable when it comes to disastervendors, partners - to tell them what's going on
preparedness - in part because many lack bothand how to reach you in the meantime. Make
the consciousness to integrate disaster planningarrangements in advance with your host (if
into the "normal" routine and the tools/staff toapplicable) to provide a backup email system to
make preparedness happen.access during or after a disaster, to keep critical
According to a nationwide survey conducted forbusiness communications flowing.
BroadSpire late last year, more than one-third ofVendors - Have a list of vendors to contact for
American workers are "quite" or "somewhat"help. This is critical, and should be documented
concerned that a natural disaster or terrorist actsomewhere accessible. Keep hard copies in the
could take out computer systems at work.office and off-site (possibly at home), and post a
Another survey, conducted by Imation, reportsversion in a secure area of your Website or your
that about 30 percent of companies lack a formalhost's Website.
disaster recovery strategy and 64 percent ofPriorities - Examine your company's data and
companies say their data backup and disasterbusiness functions, and rank them in order of
recovery plans have significant vulnerabilities.importance to establish a protocol of recovery -
Virtually every corporation of any appreciable sizemaking sure your limited resources are focused
has an IT department staffed with people whoon the information and applications that are most
are trained to analyze their company's level ofcritical to your business' survival. Practice this in
preparedness and then enhance it, as needed. Butorder to verify that it works and makes sense.
smaller companies - many of which don't haveTraining - Train your employees. Individual users
any specialized IT knowledge in-house - mustare security's weakest link. Having proper
make a conscious effort to learn the vocabularyprocedures in place is only effective if all
and practices of disaster preparedness.employees know them and follow them. Conduct
Who's at Risk?periodic disaster drills to reinforce the procedures
Nearly every small and mid-size company isset forth in your plan and the roles that have
vulnerable to the effects of a disaster to abeen assigned.
certain extent, but businesses that have the mostOutside Help - Look to Your Host
to lose are those that rely on e-commerce, emailIf your company works with a Web hosting
or other Web-based communication, and onlinecompany, your host can do a variety of things to
collaboration tools to sustain their critical businessprotect data and Web functions in case of
functions. The more connected they are, thedisaster, speeding up recovery time significantly.
higher the risk and the more they have to lose.For starters, ask your host to keep your contact
Unfortunately, many smaller companies increaseand vendor lists in a secure, web-accessible
their own likelihood of encountering a disaster withlocation outside the company's data center. This
indiscriminate processes - like installing randommay not seem important at the moment, but
applications on computers without knowing theafter a fire the last thing you want is to realize
implications, opening email attachments fromthe only surviving copy of these lists is stored at
unfamiliar addresses and downloading trial versionsthe home of your former business manager -
of software and leaving them on the server.who moved out of state two years earlier.
Technology redundancies, while helpful in manyAlso ask your host to provide an instant
cases to keep things running, can cause a smallmessaging platform to serve as the critical
failure to quickly turn catastrophic as it movescommunications system between all employees
unimpeded throughout an entire network.when disaster strikes, a backup email system to
Further, small and mid-size businesses arecapture corporate email and prevent "bounces"
perennially understaffed, often leavingduring an outage at the main data center, and a
preventative routines like data backup and virus"hot" standby email system for communication
software updates to fall by the wayside - makingduring disasters. This system will work when
companies vulnerable to disaster and not preparedcompany email doesn't, and will allow all employees
to mitigate the damage once a disaster occurs.to communicate with one another - with all
But disasters can be anticipated and planned for,communications stored in backups.
and data and systems often can be recovered. AllMake sure your host can provide you with a
it takes is forethought and some preventativegeographically diverse DNS and a dedicated server
action. Disaster recovery plans are not just forto allow corporate Websites to stay online even
the big guys. With so much riding on dataduring a disaster. This service either can move
integrity, no business can afford to ignore disastercorporate Web traffic to this standby server, or
planning. There are several basic steps a companysimply display a notice to end-users. Traffic can
of any size can incorporate to fend off disastersshift back to corporate data centers once the
and increase the chances of recovery when oneoutage has been rectified.
occurs.While most disasters are not entirely preventable,
Procedures as the Secrets to Preventionthere are measurable that steps small and
Many of the most important steps in disastermid-size companies can take to protect their
recovery are inexpensive and relatively easy tocritical business functions. The modest up-front
implement. The key is developing procedures thatinvestment will pay dividends down the road,
mitigate risk while protecting critical businessperhaps even saving a business from the ultimate
functions and information.disaster - bankruptcy.
Begin by developing a clear, repeatable process